SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Bouchard, Julie; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, Carleton University; julie.bouchard@mail.mcgill.ca; Ford, Adam T.; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, Carleton University; atford@gmail.com; Eigenbrod, Felix E; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, Carleton University; felix.eigenbrod@gmail.com; Fahrig, Lenore; Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Lab, Department of Biology, Carleton University; lenore_fahrig@carleton.ca.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Breeding dispersal; Habitat fragmentation; Highway; Migration; Movement; Road avoidance; Road mortality.

Ano: 2009

Concomitant Patterns in Avian and Mammalian Body Length Changes in Denmark

Schmidt, Niels Martin; Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University; nms@kvl.dk; Jensen, Per Moestrup; Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University; pmj@kvl.dk.

We gathered length data on 61 Danish breeding birds from the past 200 years, and related the pattern of change to present body mass and other ecological parameters. Body mass was the only parameter significantly correlated with the rate of change, and the emerging pattern in the rate of change followed the island rule. That is, smaller species have become larger and vice versa, while the medium-sized species remain essentially unchanged. The suggested optimal body mass was around 85 g. Though orders of magnitude lower, the pattern in avian body size change was similar to that of Danish mammals. Our analyses suggest that increasing habitat fragmentation leads to altered body size towards being medium-sized in Danish vertebrates. The changing landscape,...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Body length; Habitat fragmentation; Island biogeography; Island rule; Aves; Reproductive output; Migration; Feeding category; Competition; Avoidance; Tolerance..

Ano: 2005

Effects of protected area downsizing on habitat fragmentation in Yosemite National Park (USA), 1864 – 2014

Golden Kroner, Rachel E.; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University; Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International; rachelelizabethgolden@gmail.com; Krithivasan, Roopa; Department of Geography, Clark University; rkrithivasan@clarku.edu; Mascia, Michael B.; Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International; m.mascia@conservation.org.

Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) has been documented worldwide, but its impacts on biodiversity are poorly understood. To fill this knowledge gap, we reviewed historical documents to identify legal changes that altered the boundaries of Yosemite National Park. We identified two downsizes and five additions between 1905 and 1937 that reduced the size of Yosemite National Park by 30%. To examine the effects of these downsizing events on habitat fragmentation by roads, we compared protected, never-protected, and downsized lands at three spatial scales using four habitat fragmentation metrics: road density, fragment (land surrounded by roads) area-to-perimeter ratio, fragment area, and fragment density. In general, lands that...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Downsizing; Governance; Habitat fragmentation; PADDD; Protected areas; Yosemite National Park.

Ano: 2016

Modeling the Effect of Traffic Calming on Local Animal Population Persistence

van Langevelde, Frank; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University; frank.vanlangevelde@wur.nl; Jaarsma, Catharinus F.; Land Use Planning Group, Wageningen University; rinus.jaarsma@wur.nl.

A steady growth in traffic volumes in industrialized countries with dense human populations is expected, especially on minor roads. As a consequence, the fragmentation of wildlife populations will increase dramatically. In human-dominated landscapes, typically minor roads occur in high densities, and animals encounter them frequently. Traffic calming is a new approach to mitigate negative impacts by reducing traffic volumes and speeds on minor roads at a regional scale. This leads to a distinction between roads with low volumes as being part of the traffic-calmed area, whereas roads with bundled traffic are located around this area. Within the traffic-calmed area, volumes and speeds can be decreased substantially; this is predicted to decrease the...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Habitat fragmentation; Metapopulation theory; Mitigation; Road ecology; Traffic calming; Transportation planning.

Ano: 2009

Changes in Mammalian Body Length over 175 Years—Adaptations to a Fragmented Landscape?

Schmidt, Niels Martin; Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University; nms@kvl.dk; Jensen, Per Moestrup; Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University; pmj@kvl.dk.

The potential consequences of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on species diversity and extinction have drawn considerable attention in recent decades. In many cases, traditional island biogeography theory has been applied to explain the observed patterns. Here, we propose that habitat fragmentation as a selective force can be traced in mammalian body length changes. By exploring historical sources, we are able to show that the body length of Danish mammals has altered over a period of 175 years, possibly in response to increasing habitat fragmentation. The rate of body length change was generally lowest in medium-sized mammals, and increased with both smaller and larger body mass. Small mammals have generally increased, whereas large mammals have...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Body length; Habitat fragmentation; Island biogeography; Island rule; Mammalia; Reproductive capacity; Size-specific mortality; Traffic.

Ano: 2003

Mechanisms Affecting Population Density in Fragmented Habitat

Tischendorf, Lutz; ELUTIS Modelling and Consulting Inc.; lutz.tischendorf@gmx.net; Grez, Audrey; Universidad de Chile; agrez@uchile.cl; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca.

We conducted a factorial simulation experiment to analyze the relative importance of movement pattern, boundary-crossing probability, and mortality in habitat and matrix on population density, and its dependency on habitat fragmentation, as well as inter-patch distance. We also examined how the initial response of a species to a fragmentation event may affect our observations of population density in post-fragmentation experiments. We found that the boundary-crossing probability from habitat to matrix, which partly determines the emigration rate, is the most important determinant for population density within habitat patches. The probability of crossing a boundary from matrix to habitat had a weaker, but positive, effect on population density. Movement...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Boundary crossing; Emigration; Habitat fragmentation; Immigration; Modeling; Movement; Population density; Simulation; Time scale.

Ano: 2005

Why Did the Snake Cross the Road? Effects of Roads on Movement and Location of Mates by Garter Snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis)

Shine, Richard; University of Sydney; rics@bio.usyd.edu.au; Lemaster, Michael; ; lemasterm@mail.science.orst.edu; Wall, Michael; ; mwall@bio.usyd.edu.au; Langkilde, Tracy; ; langkild@bio.usyd.edu.au; Mason, Robert; ; masonr@science.oregonstate.edu.

If animals avoid road surfaces or are unable to follow conspecific trails across such surfaces, previously continuous populations may be fragmented. We gathered data on the effects of a small (4-m wide) gravel road on the behavior and trail-following abilities of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) in Manitoba, central Canada. As expected, the road surface had less vegetation cover, a more open canopy and, thus, higher incident radiation than did the surrounding grassland. Contrary to expectations, however, substrate temperatures were lower on the road than in its surrounds, because of the higher reflectivity of the road's surface. On a nearby asphalt road, substrate temperatures were relatively high on the road surface only in the evening, as...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Behavior; Connectivity; Habitat fragmentation; Pheromones; Reproduction; Reptile.

Ano: 2004

Habitat Fragmentation and Native Bees: a Premature Verdict?

Cane, James H; USDA-ARS; jcane@biology.usu.edu.

Few studies directly address the consequences of habitat fragmentation for communities of pollinating insects, particularly for the key pollinator group, bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes). Bees typically live in habitats where nesting substrates and bloom are patchily distributed and spatially dissociated. Bee studies have all defined habitat fragments as remnant patches of floral hosts or forests, overlooking the nesting needs of bees. Several authors conclude that habitat fragmentation is broadly deleterious, but their own data show that some native species proliferate in sampled fragments. Other studies report greater densities and comparable diversities of native bees at flowers in some fragment size classes relative to undisrupted habitats, but find...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Apoidea; Bees; Conservation; Diversity; Habitat fragmentation; Land-use change; Pollination; Pollinator; Statistics; Taxonomy.

Ano: 2001

Beyond Roadkill, Radiotracking, Recapture and FST—a Review of Some Genetic Methods to Improve Understanding of the Influence of Roads on Wildlife

Simmons, Jody M; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; jodymichellesimmons@yahoo.com.au; Sunnucks, Paul; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; paul.sunnucks@sci.monash.edu.au; Taylor, Andrea C; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; andrea.taylor@sci.monash.edu.au; van der Ree, Rodney; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne; rvdr@unimelb.edu.au.

Habitat fragmentation continues to occur despite increasing evidence of its adverse effects on ecosystems. One of the major detrimental effects of roads and traffic is the creation of barriers or filters to the movement of wildlife, ultimately disconnecting some populations. Our understanding of the extent to which roads reduce the movement of biota is mostly based on field-based observational methods of inferring animal movement, and to a much smaller extent, on allele frequency-based genetic analyses. Field-based methods, as it is typically feasible to apply them, tend to be informative at fine temporal and spatial scales. Allele frequency-based genetic methods are informative at broad geographic scales but at timescales usually greater than recent...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight

Palavras-chave: Barrier; Dispersal; Gene flow; Genotypic analyses; Habitat fragmentation; Road ecology.

Ano: 2010

Understanding the Risk to Neotropical Migrant Bird Species of Multiple Human-Caused Stressors: Elucidating Processes Behind the Patterns.

Hames, Ralph S.; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; rsh5@cornell.edu; Lowe, James D.; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; jdl6@cornell.edu; Swarthout, Sara Barker; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; sb65@cornell.edu; Rosenberg, Kenneth V.; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; kvr2@cornell.edu.

Ubiquitous human-caused changes to the environment act as multiple stressors for organisms in the wild, and the effects of these stressors may be synergistic, rather than merely additive, with unexpected results. However, understanding how focal organisms respond to these stressors is crucial for conservation planning for these species. We propose a paradigm that alternates extensive, broadscale data collection by volunteer collaborators to document patterns of response, with intensive fine-scale studies by professional researchers, to elucidate the processes underlying these patterns. We demonstrate this technique, building on our existing work linking patterns of population declines in the Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) to synergistic effects of acid...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Multiple scales; Synergistic effects; Citizen science; Habitat fragmentation; Acid rain; Forests; Anthropogenic change; Soil; Calcium; Invertebrates.

Ano: 2006

Genetic characterization of the Neotropical catfish Pimelodus maculatus (Pimelodidae, Siluriformes) in the Upper Uruguay River

Genet. Mol. Biol.

Ribolli,Josiane; Melo,Cláudio Manoel Rodrigues de; Zaniboni-Filho,Evoy.

Freshwater fish present unique challenges when one attempts to understand the factors that determine the structure of their populations. Habitat fragmentation is a leading cause of population decline that threatens ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we investigated the conservation status of genetic variability in the Neotropical catfish (Pimelodus maculatus). Specifically, we examined the structure and genetic diversity of this species in a region of the Upper Uruguay River fragmented by natural barriers and dams. There was no genetic structure among the four sites analyzed, indicating the existence of only one population group. A combination of environmental management and genetic monitoring should be used to minimize the impact of impoundment on...

Genetic structure of red-handed howler monkey populations in the fragmented landscape of Eastern Brazilian Amazonia

Palavras-chave: Conservation genetics; Dams; Habitat fragmentation; Microsatellite.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572012000500009

Genet. Mol. Biol.

Bastos,Heitor B.; Gonçalves,Evonnildo C.; Ferrari,Stephen F.; Silva,Artur; Schneider,Maria Paula C..

We genotyped 15 microsatellite loci in order to evaluate the effects of habitat fragmentation, caused by flooding of the Tucuruí reservoir, on the genetic structure of Alouatta belzebul in eastern Amazonia. The analysis included two populations sampled in 1984, representing both margins of the Tocantins river, and three populations sampled 18 years later. Minimal differences in the diversity levels between present-day (Ho = 0.62-0.69 and A R = 6.07-7.21) and pre-flooding (Ho = 0.60-0.62 and A R = 6.27-6.77) populations indicated there was no significant loss of genetic variability, possibly because of successful management strategies applied during the flooding. The changes observed were limited to shifts in the composition of alleles, which presumably...

Roadkilled mammals in the northern Amazon region and comparisons with roadways in other regions of Brazil

Palavras-chave: Alouatta belzebul; Amazonia; Conservation; Genetic structure; Habitat fragmentation.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572010000400027

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

Caires,Heloisa S.; Souza,Cleide R.; Lobato,Débora N. C.; Fernandes,Marília N. S.; Damasceno,Júnio S..

ABSTRACT Roadways and road traffic modify landscapes, posing a threat to the conservation of species in different biomes. The aim of the present study was to analyze roadkill records of wild mammals and to compare the results to findings from 37 other studies conducted in Brazil, to evaluate the richness and diversity of threatened species in different eco-regions of the country. This study was conducted between June 2007 and June 2008, along 60 km of the inter-state highway BR-364, which connects the municipalities of Ouro Preto d’Oeste and Presidente Médici in the state of Rondônia (northern Brazil). Two hundred twenty roadkills were recorded involving 13 species of mammals. Cingualata, Pilosa and Carnivora were the most represented orders. The most...

Abundância de microartrópodes do solo em fragmentos de mata com araucária no sul do Brasil

Palavras-chave: Environmental impact; Habitat fragmentation; Hotspots; Threatened wildlife.

Ano: 2019

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212019000100236

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

Duarte,Marcelo Maisonette.

The abundance of soil microarthropods from seven fragments of Araucaria Forest, Muitos Capões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was compared. The size of the fragments ranged from 0.25 ha to 35 ha, the two largest fragments are situated within the Aracuri Ecological Station and the remaining five are situated in a cattle ranching farm. In June 2000, three plots (10 m x 10 m) were established in the central area of each patch, and three soil cores (7 cm diameter x 6 cm deep) were taken per plot. The abundance of microarthropods in the upper six centimeters (soil + litter) varied between 63209 and 102704 ind.m-2, with oribatid mites (Acari, Cryptostigmata) being dominant in all fragments (between 46.9 % and 61.3 % of total individuals). Most microarthropod groups...

Fast and furious: a look at the death of animals on the highway MS-080, Southwestern Brazil

Palavras-chave: Soil microarthropods; Araucaria forest; Acari; Collembola; Habitat fragmentation.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212004000200008

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

Carvalho,Naira C. de; Bordignon,Marcelo O.; Shapiro,Julie T..

Several factors, such as hunting and the pet trade, are responsible for the worldwide decline of wildlife populations. In addition, fatal collisions with vehicles on highways have also taken one of the largest tolls. This study aimed to quantify the richness and abundance of vertebrate roadkill along highway MS-080 in Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-West Brazil. We compare the amount of roadkill to the distance between cities, moon phases and the flow of vehicles on the highway. Samples were collected weekly between March and September 2011, totaling 257 individuals, belonging to 32 families and 52 species, resulting in an index of 0.13 individuals hit/km. Birds were the most frequently hit taxa, followed by mammals. The most affected species was Cariama...

Efeito de diferentes usos da terra nas características do solo no Estado do Acre.

Palavras-chave: Conservation; Roads; Roadkill; Urbanization; Habitat fragmentation.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212014000100006

AMARAL, E. F. do; BROWN, I. F.; MELO, A. W. F. de.

O uso da terra na Amazônia está condicionado ao processo de fragmentação florestal. No Acre, o arco do desmatamento é constituído pela BR-364 e BR-317. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do uso da terra nas características químicas e físicas do solo, em uma cronosseqüência de uso em uma área de grande fazendeiro no sudeste acreano. Foi conduzido na fazenda Ponteio, situada às margens da BR-317, no município de Capixaba, sendo georreferenciadas três unidades amostrais, caracterizando o gradiente de pressão antrópica: pasto, capoeira e floresta. Em cada unidade amostral foram retiradas informações sobre o histórico de uso e coletados dados referentes às seguintes características: densidade aparente, resistência do solo até 60 cm...

Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)

Palavras-chave: Fragmentação florestal; Arco do Desmatamento; Rodovia BR-364; Rodovia BR-317; Fazenda Ponteio; Capixapa (AC); Acre; Amazônia Ocidental; Western Amazon; Amazonia Occidental; Propiedades químicas del suelo; Uso de la tierra.; Fragmentación de hábitats; Propiedades fìsicas del suelo; Uso da terra; Solo; Propriedade Físico-Química; Land use; Habitat fragmentation; Soil chemical properties; Soil physical properties..

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/495274

Avaliação da composição estrutural e biomassa viva acima do solo, em florestas sob efeito da fragmentação na Amazônia Ocidental.

FIGUEIREDO, E. O.; PEREIRA, N. W. V.; WADT, L. H. de O..

O modelo de ocupação da Amazônia, implementado nas últimas décadas, pouco considerou as especificidades dos distintos ecossistemas florestais existentes na região. Quando se considera a dimensão territorial da Amazônia e os impactos decorrentes do desflorestamento e conseqüente processo de fragmentação de florestas, o fato ganha importância global. Este trabalho faz parte do projeto "Efeito do processo de fragmentação florestal na sustentabilidade de alguns ecossistemas periféricos aos eixos rodoviários no sudeste acreano", financiado pelo Programa Nacional de Diversidade Biológica (Pronabio), e foi desenvolvido num fragmento florestal localizado à margem direita da Rodovia Federal BR-364, km 30, sentido Rio Branco/Porto Velho, no município de Rio Branco,...

Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)

Palavras-chave: Fragmentação florestal; Biomassa aérea; Rio Branco (AC); Acre; Amazônia Ocidental; Western Amazon; Amazonia Occidental; Bosques tropicales; Biomasa aérea; Fragmentación de hábitats; Reservorios de carbono.; Floresta tropical; Ecossistema; Degradação ambiental; Impacto ambiental; Biomassa; Carbono; Estoque; Tropical forests; Habitat fragmentation; Aboveground biomass; Carbon sinks; Environmental impact..

Ano: 2000

URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/495836

Levantamento de insetos e análise entomofaunística em floresta, capoeira e pastagem no sudeste acreano.

THOMAZINI, M. J.; THOMAZINI, A. P. de B. W..

O presente trabalho foi conduzido visando comparar a diversidade e composição de insetos em áreas de floresta contínua, fragmentada, floresta secundária e pastagem no sudeste acreano. Coletas mensais de insetos foram realizadas com armadilha luminosa e rede entomológica, entre abril de 1999 e março de 2000, no interior de um fragmento florestal e em uma área de floresta secundária e pastagem adjacentes ao fragmento, no município de Rio Branco, AC. Também foram realizadas amostragens mensais de cupins com iscas de papelão, em todas as áreas citadas e em uma outra área de floresta contínua, localizada no município de Capixaba, AC. Estimou-se a diversidade das áreas usando-se o índice de diversidade de Margalef. Foram aplicadas medidas de fauna...

Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)

Palavras-chave: Floresta contínua; Floresta fragmentada; Termites; Western Amazon; Amazônia Ocidental; Acre; Capixaba (AC); Rio Branco (AC); Termitas; Amazonia Occidental; Comunidades de insectos; Bosques secundarios; Pastizales; Fragmentación de hábitats; Plagas de las plantas; Sondeo de la Población Actual.; Entomofauna; Pastagem; Floresta secundária; Floresta; Levantamento populacional; Cupim; Praga de planta; Isoptera.; Pastures.; Insect communities; Current population survey; Habitat fragmentation; Secondary forests; Plant pests.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/496050

Mudança de cobertura e uso do solo no leste acreano e seus impactos.